Label the evidence
Human clinical, mechanistic and pre-clinical records are identified before the title.
Clinical evidence
Nine supplied publications
The library spans mechanistic research, pre-clinical work and small human clinical reports. We keep those evidence types distinct and make limitations visible.

Human clinical, mechanistic and pre-clinical records are identified before the title.
Study size, population and follow-up are displayed next to reported outcomes.
Small, uncontrolled studies cannot support broad comparative or guaranteed claims.
Featured record · Marcarelli et al.
The paper reported clinical-score and MRI observations after autologous cartilage micrografts. Its long follow-up is valuable context, while the very small, uncontrolled design limits generalisation and does not establish comparative effectiveness.




Complete evidence index
Open the original record where available, or the relevant page within the supplied scientific booklet.
Download the complete bookletScientific review
Astarita C, Arora CL, Trovato L · 2020
Biological foundations and the distinction between stem cells and tissue micrografts.
In vitro and in vivo
Ceccarelli G, Gentile P, Marcarelli M, et al. · 2017
Cartilage micrograft preparation in an osteochondral-lesion context; not a knee OA outcome study.
Pre-clinical study
Desando G, Grigolo B, Pereira AD, et al. · 2021
Histological assessment in a rat osteochondral-defect model; pre-clinical evidence only.
Preliminary clinical study
Dorta A, Baroni A, et al. · 2018
Early clinical experience in osteochondral lesions of the knee.
Three-year case series
Marcarelli M, Zappia M, Rissolio L, et al. · 2021
Eight-patient uncontrolled cohort with clinical scores and MRI measurements; useful long-term context but not comparative evidence.
Prospective observational study
Tsoukas D, Muntean I, Simos C, Sabido-Vera R · 2023
Ten-patient open-label study with KOOS outcomes at one and six months; the authors call for larger randomised evaluation.
Clinical report
Marcarelli M, Fiammengo M, Trovato L, et al. · 2019
Application of autologous grafts in a femoral-head indication; not direct knee OA evidence.
Mechanistic and pre-clinical
Viganò M, Tessaro I, Trovato L, et al. · 2018
Laboratory characterisation plus a three-horse pre-clinical evaluation; supports rationale rather than human efficacy claims.
Pilot study
Helito C, Pessei V, Zaniboni C, Muntean I, et al. · 2024
Ten-patient uncontrolled pilot using KOOS, WOMAC and VAS outcomes over twelve months.
Claims discipline
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